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PERFORMANCE ART ¦æ¬°ÃÀ³NRoselee Goldberg ¥iºâ¬O¬ã¨s¡u¦æ¬°ÃÀ³N¡v¾ú¥vªº¥ýÂß¡C¦o±q¥¼¨Ó¥D¸q¡]Futurism¡^¡B«Øºc¥D¸q¡]Constructivism¡^¡B¹F¹F¥D¸q¡]Dadaism¡^¡B¶W²{¹ê¥D¸q¡]Surrealism¡^µ¥°l·¹ÃÀ³N®a¥H¦Û¨¤¶¤JÃÀ³N«~ªººt¥X·½¬y¡G¡u¥Ñ¥¼¨Ó¥D¸q¦Ü¤µ¡Aºt¥X«Å¨¥³£¬O«DijªÌªí¹F¥L̸չϥH¨ä¥Lªº¤èªkµûij¤é±`¥Í¬¡¸ÌªºÃÀ³N¸gÅç¡C¡v(2) ÃÀ³N®aªº¯u¤HÅS¬Û´N¬On¨Åé¤O¦æªº¤Ï§Ü¬J¦³ÃÀ³NÆ[©À¡A¨Ò¦p¡GÃÀ³N®a¨«¥Xµe´Y¨B¦V¸s²³¡B±´¯Áºt¥X¬Û¹ï©ó¶Ç²ÎÃÀ³Nªº¤£©w©Ê¡B¨Åé§@¬°³Ð§@´C¤¶¡B¥H·§©À§@ÃÀ³Nµ¥¡C§@«~¥H¦æ°Ê¥ý¦æ¡A¥ç·½©óµøıÃÀ³Nªº¤Ï«ä¡C ¦Ü¤»¡B¤C¤Q¦~¥N¢w¢w§Y Goldberg ©Ò»¡ªº¦æ¬°ÃÀ³Nµo®i¥þ²±®É´Á¢w¢w¥H§Y³õ¥Xºt¬°¥»ªºÃÀ³N§Î¦¡º¥µo®i¦¨«¬¡A¦bAllan Kaprowªº±Àªi§UÄi¤U¡A¡u°¸µo¢A«È»«Á{¡v¡]Happening¡^ÀH¶Õ¦Ó¥Í¡C¤¡B¤»¤Q¦~¥N¡AJohn Cage¦b¬ü°êªº¯Ã¬ù·sªÀ·|¬ã¨s¾Ç°|¡]The New School of Social Research¡^´x²ë±Ð½ÒªºªmÄ˦~¥N¡AKaprow¥¿¬O½Ò°óªº¤@û¡C¤@¤E¤¤E¦~¡A¥Lµoªí¤F§@«~¡q18 Happenings in 6 Parts¡r(3)¡A¥L§âµe´Yªº¤T«Ç¹º¦¨¤»³¡¥÷¡A¨C³¡¥÷ùØ·|¦P®Éµo¥Í¤TÓ¶µ¥Ø¡AÆ[²³³QÁܽаѻP¨ä¤¤¡B¿Ë¦P·P¨ü¡C©Ò¿×ªº¡u°¸µo¢A«È»«Á{¡v¡A´N¬O¡u¦Ûµo¡B¦]½t»Ú¹J¦Óµo¥Íªº¨Æ±¡¡v¡]something spontaneous, something that just happens to happen¡^¦Û¦¹³oºØ§Y³õ¥XºtªºÃÀ³N§Î¦¡¥¿¦¡³Qq¦W¡C ¤£¥u¤@¦¸Å¥¤H¤£®hªº»¡¡G¡u°¸µo¡v´N¬OÀHÀH«K«K·d°Êªº¨Æ¨à§a¡H¨ä¹ê¡A©Ò¿×ªº¡u¦Ûµo¡B¦]½t»Ú¹J¦Óµo¥Íªº¨Æ±¡¡v¡A¬O¤@ºØ¶É¦V±NÃÀ³N§Î¦¡¦^Âk¦ÛµMªº³B²z (4)¡C§Y¨Ï©Ò¿×¡u¦]½t»Ú¹J¡vªºÀH¾÷ºt¥X¡]¦pJohn CageÆF·P¨Ó¦Û¡m©ö¸g¡nªº§@«~¡qTheatre Piece¡r¡]1960¡^¡A©Î Dick Higgins¡qThe Tart¡r¡]1965¡^¡A«µ¼ÖªÌ¡Bºtû¡B»RªÌµ¥³£«ö±q¤@²Õ²Õªº°Ê§@¡BÁnµ©Î¬Æ¦Üºt¥X¤è¦¡¡B·®æùØÀH¾÷²£¥Íªº«ü¥Ü¦Óºt¥X¡^¡A¤]»Ýn¤@Ó°ò¥»·§·Nªºµ²ºc¡F¦Ü©ó¡uÀHÀH«K«K¡v¡A´N§ó¯A¤Î¨ì°¸µoªº¥»¨ÃÀ³N§Î¦¡¤Î¦p¦ó¬Ý³o¨Ç¡u¦Ûµo¡B¦]½t»Ú¹J¦Óµo¥Íªº¨Æ±¡¡v¤F¡C ¬Û¹ï¶Ç²Î¼@³õªºªíºt§Î¦¡¡A°¸µo¨S¦³¬G¨Æ±¡¸`¦ÓÄݤ@ӯºé¨Æ¶µ¡AºtªÌ¤]¨S¦³¯S©wªº¨¤¦â§êºt¦Ó¬O°õ¦æ¥ô°È¡A§@«~¬J¬O¡u¦Ûµo¡B¦]½t»Ú¹J¡v¤]´N¤£¬O¼ÒÀÀ¤@Ó¥~¦bªº¡u®ÉªÅ¯x°}¡v¡]time-space matrix¡^¡A»PÆ[ªÌ¦P¦b¤@Ó¯u¹ê¢A¦ÛµMªº®ÉªÅ¡C¥¿¦pMichael Kirby©Ò½×¡A¦b°¸µo¸Ì¡A¦U¶µ¤¸¯À¡]¦pºtªÌªº°Ê§@¡B»¡¸Ü¡Bµ¼Ö¢AÁnµ¡B¼vµe¡B¦ç¹¢¡B¹D¨ã¢Aª«¥ó¡B¥¬´º¢A¸Ë¸mµ¥¡^¬O¥hÅÞ¿è¡]alogical¡^¡A¦U¸ü¨ä¤£¦Pªº°T®§¡A¤]¤£¤@©w¦X¦@²Õ¦¨¤@Ӥ䴩¯S©w®ÉªÅªº°T®§µ²ºc¡]information structure¡^(5)¡C¥Ñ¦¹¡AY¼@³õ¬O¤@ÓÁ¿¨D²Î¤@ºî¦X¡B±¡·P¥N¤Jªº±Ô¨ÆÅé¡A¦æ¬°ÃÀ³N´N¬O¤@Ó±´¯Á§Î¦¡¡B´²¸m¿ù¸¨ªº¦æ°Ê´ºÆ[¢w¢w¤@Ó±q·§©À¥Xµo¡BÁ`n½Ä¯}·§¦³®Ø®Ø¡B¤S±µªñ¤é±`ª¬ºAªº¤@ºØªí¹F§Î¦¡¡C¨º§ÚÌ¥i¥H¥Î¬Æ»ò¤èªk¤Äµe¨º°¾Â÷¤FºD¥H¤å¥»¬°¶bªºÁc¹ÐÂøÂI©O¡H | ||
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LIVE ART §Y³õÃÀ³Nªñ¦~¨Ó^°ê´N¿³°_¤F¡u§Y³õÃÀ³N¡v¡]Live Art¡^³o·§©À¡A¦b¤@¨ÇÃÀ³N¤¤¤ßªº¼@³õ¡Bµe´Y©Î¨ä¥L³õ¦aªººt¥X¶µ¥Ø¡A³£«a¤W¡uLive Art¡v©Î¡uLive Events¡vµ¥¦W°ó¡C¡u±q¨Ó¨S¦³¤H¥iªÖ©w¡y§Y³õÃÀ³N¡z¬O¬Æ»ò¡A¥¦Á`¬O¤£Â_µo°Ý¡G¡yÃÀ³N¬O¬Æ»ò¡H°µ¬Æ»ò¡H§êºt¬Æ»ò¨¤¦â¡H¦³¦ó»ùÈ¡H¦³¦ó¾ú¥v¬y¶Ç¡H¡z¦]¦¹n¦û»â³o¤£©w§Î®æ»P´å²¾½d³ò¡A¦p¦¹¨ë¿E©M¨ã¬D¾Ô©Ê¡C¡v(6) ¦p¬OªÌ¡A§Y³õÃÀ³N´åÂ÷¦hÅÜ¡A¨ì©³¨Ã¤£¬O¤@ºØ©T©wªº§Î¦¡¡A¦Ó¬O¤@ºØºA«×¡A¤@¶µµ¦²¤¡C¦³¤H©Î·|²³æªº»¡¡A§Y³õÃÀ³N¤D·½¦Û¬ü°êªº¦æ¬°ÃÀ³Nªº^°êª©¡A¦ý¥¦°£¤F©ÓµÛ¦æ¬°ÃÀ³N¤£Â_¬D¾Ô¬J¦³Æ[©Àªº¤£©w©Ê¡A¤]±a¦³ªíºtÃÀ³Nªº¥]®e©Ê¢w¢w©Ò¦³¯A¤Î§Y³õ©Ê¡]liveness¡^ªº³Ð§@¡A§YÃÀ³N®a¿Ë¨¤¶¤J§@«~§@¡uºt¥X¡v¡A¦p°¸µo¡B¼@³õ¡B»RÁЩΨä¥L±´¯Á®ÉªÅ¡BÃÀ³N·§©À¦ÓÃø¥H©w®æªº§Î¦¡¡A¤]¥i·§ºÙ§Y³õÃÀ³N¡C¡u§Y³õÃÀ³N¬O¤@¶µµ¦²¤¡A¬[ºcµÛ·§©À©Ê¡Bµu¼È©M¤£¨ü¨îªº¦h¤¸¤Æ¹ê½î¡K¡K¡v(7) n¬O¦æ¬°ÃÀ³N¬O¥H¦æ°Ê§@¥»¡A¨º»ò§Y³õÃÀ³N´N¬O±j½Õ§Y³õ©Ê¡A¤S©Î¬O¥Í¬¡¡B¬¡µÛªºÃÀ³N½}¡C §Ú¦b^°ê¡u¬Ý¡v¹L¤@Óªº§Y³õÃÀ³Nªº¶µ¥Ø¡GEve Dent¡mAnchorage¡n¡C¦aÂI¦bÛ´°«n©¤°¾Â÷¾x¥«ªº¦í¦v°Ï Camberwell ªº¡uhome¡v¢w¢w¨«¨ì¾îµó¯¶«ÑùØ¡A¾¨¬O¦¡³s±µ¼Ó©Ð¡A¥Ñ§ä¹ïªù¸¹«öªù¹a¦Ü¦³¤H±µªù¨ì¶i¤º¼e¦ç¦Ü§¤¤U³ÜªM°s¡K¡K·Pı´N¦p¨«¶i¤@Ó^°êªB¤Íªº¥±`®a©~¤@¼Ë¡C¡uhome¡vªº·§©À´N¬On§â¤@鿸üº¡¾ú¥vªº©Ð¤l¡A¦¨¬°¤@ӥͬ¡®a©~¤§¾l¡A¤]¦¨¬°¤@Ó®i¥X¸Ë¸m©Î§Y³õÃÀ³Nªº³õ¦a (8)¡C«Î¥D«Å¥¬¡Gºt¥X¶}©l¤F¡A¥i¨ì»Õ¼Ó¤Î¦a®wªY½à¡C¦b©Ð¤l³Ì°ªªº¼Ó¼h¬Ý¨ìÀð¤W¦ù¥X¤@¥uºò´¤¤S±i¶}ªº¤â´x¡F¦b³Ì©³¼h¬Ý¨ì«á¼Ó±è©³ÅS¥X¤@¥u¤£¦íºw¤ôªº¸}¡A±q¦a±¨ì¤T¼Ó¤§¶¡¦³ Franko B µ¥ÃÀ³N®a¦b¨ä®a©~ªº¸Ë¸m®iÄý¡A©M§¤º¡«È¤H§â°s½Í¤Ñªº³X«È¢A°ÑÆ[ªÌ¡C¦b²{³õ§ä¤£¨ìIJ°Ê±¡·Pªº¬G¨Æ±¡¸`¡A¦Ó§@«~¥HµL³ë¦³ªºªº·N©À¤ñÆ[ªÌ©Ò¡u¬Ý¡v¨ìªº§ó¦h§óÂA©ú¡A§ó«nªº¬OÆ[ªÌ»PÃÀ³N®aªºÃö«Y¤£¬O¯Âºé¹ï¥ß¡A¦Ó¬O¦b¤@Ó¤é±`¥Í¬¡ªº®ÉªÅùØ°Ñ»P¨Æ¥ó¡A¦b§@«~ùØ»PÃÀ³N®a¦P¦b¡C |
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(1) §Y¨È¨½¤ó¦h¼w¦b¡m¸Ö¾Ç¡nùØ´£¤Îªº¡u¸Ö¡v¡A¨ä¹ê·N«ü¡uÀ¸¼@¡v¡C¥ç¥Ñ¦¹¥i¨£¶Ç²Î¤W¡uÀ¸¼@¡v¥»Äݤ@ºØµÛ»y¨¥¤Î¤å¥»ªºÃÀ³N§Î¦¡¡C (2) Roselee Goldberg: Performance Art: From Futurism to the Present, Thames & Hudson, 2001¡]ªìª©¬° Performance: Live Art 1909 to the Present, World of Art series, 1988 (3) Allan Kaprow: 18 Happenings in 6 Parts, Reuben Gallery, New York, 1959 (4) Darko Suvin: 'Relections on Happenings', Mariellen R Sandford (ed), Happenings and Other Acts, Routledge, 1995 (5) Michael Kirby: 'Happenings: An Introduction' & 'The New Theatre', Mariellen R Sandford (ed), Happenings and Other Acts, Routledge, 1995, p.30-47 (6) Lois Keidan: 'LIVE ART -- what is it and what can we do with it?', On Tour: British Drama and Dance, Issue 14, 08/1999, p.2-3 (7) ¦P¤W (8)¡uhome¡vÅܨ¦¨¸Ë¸m©Î§Y³õÃÀ³N³õ¦a¤§«e¡Aì¬O¤@©Ò«O¯d¤T¤Q¦~¥N¸ËæCªº¤¨¤§Î©Фl¡C«Î¥DLaura Godfrey-Isaacs¥»¨¬O¦ì¦Û¹µÃÀ³NÅU°Ý¤Îµ¦¹º¤H¡A±M¬°°Ó·~¤½¥qÁʶRÃÀ³N«~¤Î¸Ë¸mµ¥¡C¦oÁʤJ©Ð¤l¦Û¦í¡A±N½·s¨Ã¹º¥X¤Q¤Ó¨¤¸¨¡AÁܽÐÃÀ³N®a¨ì®a¤¤°µ¸Ë¸m¡]¦pFranko B©ñ¦b«ÈÆUùØ©ñº¡C¿q¹Ï¹³ªº¡mªi¤l¾÷¡n©Î¯D«Ç¤¤ªºÀOi¥úºÞ¡mOh Lover Boy¡n¡^¡A©Î°¸§@§Y³õÃÀ³Nªººt¥X¡A¶}©ñ¤©¤½²³°ÑÆ[¡C¹ê¦æ¥H¥Í¬¡ªÅ¶¡§@ÃÀ³NªÅ¶¡¡C |